Exfoliation removes dead skin cells from the surface, helping to unclog pores, smooth texture, and promote cell turnover. Regular exfoliation reveals a brighter, fresher complexion and allows skincare products to absorb more effectively.

Most people benefit from exfoliating 1-3 times a week. Sensitive skin may need less frequent exfoliation, while oily or resilient skin may tolerate more. Over-exfoliation can lead to irritation and a weakened skin barrier.

Physical exfoliation uses scrubs or tools to manually remove dead skin, while chemical exfoliation uses acids like AHAs or BHAs to dissolve them. Chemical exfoliants can be gentler and more even, especially for sensitive skin types.

Yes, exfoliators containing salicylic acid penetrate pores to remove excess oil and debris, helping to prevent breakouts. Gentle, regular exfoliation also reduces clogged pores and post-acne marks, improving skin clarity over time.

Toners rebalance the skin’s pH after cleansing, remove any leftover residue, and prepare the skin for serums and moisturisers. They can also provide hydration, soothe irritation, or deliver active ingredients for specific concerns.

Many alcohol-based toners can be drying and irritating, especially for sensitive skin. However, some modern formulas use fatty alcohols that are non-drying. Always check ingredients to ensure they suit your skin type.

Yes, but if your toner contains exfoliating acids, avoid doubling up with another exfoliant to prevent over-exfoliation. Pairing a gentle exfoliant with a hydrating toner is generally safe and effective.

No, toners are designed to stay on the skin. Apply with a cotton pad or your hands and allow it to absorb before moving on to serums or moisturiser. Rinsing removes the active benefits.

Gentle chemical exfoliants like lactic acid or enzyme-based formulas are often better for sensitive skin than physical scrubs. These provide smooth results with less risk of microtears or irritation.

It’s best to avoid using them in the same routine, as both can increase sensitivity. If you want to incorporate both, alternate nights to give your skin time to recover between applications.